Poland

The community began with students on socialist-era scholarships and grew sharply after 1989, when Vietnamese traders became a fixture of the open-air markets of the transition years. The Stadion Dziesięciolecia in Warsaw, a crumbling communist stadium turned into the largest bazaar in Europe, was the center of that economy until it was cleared for the 2012 European Championship. The trade moved south to Wólka Kosowska and continues.

The migrations that built it

1. 01 1960s–1980s: students on socialist scholarships
2. 02 1990s: market trade during the transition
3. 03 2000s onward: settled business and family migration