Thailand

Vietnamese fled across the Mekong into northeastern Thailand during the First Indochina War, and the villages they founded in Nakhon Phanom, Udon Thani and Mukdahan are still Vietnamese. The community spent decades under movement restrictions and suspicion, and only received full citizenship rights late. Hồ Chí Minh lived and organized in the region in the late 1920s, which local Vietnamese associations have never let anyone forget.

The migrations that built it

1. 01 1945–1954: refugees crossing the Mekong during the First Indochina War
2. 02 1960s–1980s: restricted status in the northeast
3. 03 1990s onward: citizenship, and new labor migration